Thesis:

Title : The effectiveness of daily school activities based on miles and dynamic yard activities on the attitude towards school in second-year elementary school students in Sabzevar city in 2026

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of school-based physical activity interventions—specifically the "Daily Mile" and "Active Playground" programs—on the attitudes toward school among upper-elementary students in Sabzevar County during the 2024–2025 academic year. This applied study employed a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all upper-elementary students in Sabzevar County; from this population, 45 students were selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: the first experimental group (n=15), the second experimental group (n=15), and a control group (n=15). The experimental groups participated in the "Daily Mile" and "Active Playground" intervention programs, respectively, while the control group followed the standard educational curriculum. Data were collected using the "Attitude Toward School Questionnaire" and, following preparation, were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). After controlling for pretest scores, the results indicated that school-based physical activity interventions had a positive and significant effect on students' attitudes toward school; both interventions led to a significant improvement in these attitudes. Furthermore, the repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between time and group. Follow-up analyses indicated that the improvement in attitudes toward school was significantly greater in the "Active Playground" group compared to the "Daily Mile" group. Consequently, the implementation of structured, non-competitive, school-based physical activities can be effective in improving the attitudes of upper-elementary students toward school. Given that the "Dynamic Playground" (*Hayat-e Pouya*) program demonstrated greater effectiveness, it is recommended that policymakers and educational administrators facilitate the implementation of such programs—integrating them into the daily school schedule—to leverage these interventions for fostering positive attitudes among students.

Keywords: Keywords: Daily Mile, Active School Playground, Attitude toward School, School-based Physical Activity, Upper Primary School.