Thesis:

Limitations on the Private Rights of Foreign Nationals in Iranian Law

Foreign nationals enjoy rights in Iranian private law, but they also face some limitations. In general, foreign nationals can enjoy civil rights, except in cases where the law explicitly excludes them. These limitations apply mainly to ownership of immovable property, employment, and some economic activities. Restrictions on the private rights of foreign nationals in Iran include restrictions on ownership of immovable property (foreign nationals are usually prohibited from owning immovable property (such as land and buildings) in Iran), restrictions on employment (foreign nationals require a permit to work in Iran and face restrictions on the type of job and place of employment), restrictions on some economic activities (in some fields, such as activities related to national security or certain industries, foreign nationals may face restrictions on economic activities), and observance of the principle of reciprocity (in some cases, granting rights and privileges to foreign nationals may be conditional on the reciprocal treatment of their government with Iranian nationals). The Iranian Civil Code allows foreign nationals to enjoy all civil rights, except in cases where the law excludes them. The Law on the Entry and Residence of Foreign Nationals, approved in 1310, also allows foreign nationals to move freely within the country's territory during the validity of their residence permit, except in areas that are prohibited or restricted by government announcement. The restrictions imposed on foreign nationals are aimed at protecting the national interests and security of the country, as well as taking into account economic and social issues.

Keywords: Keywords: Foreign nationals, restrictions, private rights, Iranian law