Thesis:

Jurisdiction of bailiffs in prosecuting cybercrimes in Iranian law

Cybercrimes, with the rapid expansion of the virtual space, have become a complex challenge in the judicial and executive systems of countries. In this context, judicial officers play a fundamental role in the detection and prosecution of these crimes. This study examined the authority of judicial officers in prosecuting cybercrimes under Iranian law, analyzing the existing challenges and solutions. The aim of this research was to identify the legal and executive issues related to the authority of judicial officers in addressing cybercrimes in Iran. The research was conducted using an analytical-comparative method, utilizing library resources and existing laws. The findings revealed that the unique characteristics of cybercrimes, such as their high speed, anonymity of perpetrators, and transnational nature, coupled with outdated laws, lack of coordination among institutions, and deficiencies in training and technical equipment, have limited the effectiveness of judicial officers. The study determined that the authority of judicial officers in detecting and prosecuting cybercrimes, particularly in collecting digital evidence, was inadequate due to the lack of precise legal definitions and technical limitations. Executive challenges included a shortage of expertise, lack of coordination among institutions such as the Cyber Police (FATA) and other entities, and the absence of adequate infrastructure for preserving digital evidence. To address these obstacles, recommendations were proposed, including updating laws, strengthening international cooperation, conducting specialized training programs for judicial officers, and establishing specialized units with enhanced financial and technical resources. Additionally, it was emphasized that maintaining a balance between cybersecurity and citizens' rights, particularly privacy, is essential. Ultimately, the study concluded that Iran's legal system requires continuous legal reforms, enhanced technical infrastructure, and greater coordination among executive and judicial institutions to effectively combat cybercrimes while ensuring cybersecurity and protecting citizens' rights. Keywords: Cybercrimes, Privacy Rights, Iranian Law, Authority of Judicial Officers, Judicial Officers

Keywords: Cybercrimes, Privacy Rights, Iranian Law, Authority of Judicial Officers, Judicial Officers