M.A. Thesis:

the study And Criticism oF Fideism Regarding Allameh tabatabaee's views

Fideism is a theory based on which religious beliefs don’t require the epistemological justification. The aim of epistemic justification is the same as reasoning, and in fact, it is inductive justification. So fideism has a wide range and there are signs of it among the Muslim scholars. Fideism is divided into two major forms of extremism and moderation. Fideism covers three versions of three famous thinkers (Kierkegaard, Wittgenstein, and Plantinga) in the new era. Kierkegaard knows the argument irrelevant and even harmful to religious beliefs; he believes that there is no certainty in the human sciences. He raises both negative and positive discussions. In other words, in negative talk, the horizontal or objective way to faith is negated and the internal feature of any conduct is emphasized upon faith. Wittgenstein’s philosophical thought is divided into two distinct periods. According to his earlier thinking, faith is something ineffable. And based on his later thinking, believing is making a kind of contribution in the language game. By stressing on his philosophical theories, such as language games; he assigned the philosophical argument quite irrelevant with religious beliefs. Plantinga divides human beliefs into two categories, basic beliefs and beliefs based on the basic beliefs. And he believes that religious beliefs may be justified and permitted without being argumentative. He discussed the rationality of belief in God, and the outlook of reformed epistemology. His most important masterpiece, showing faith license without having to argue for its justness. Allameh Tabatabai, with his Qur'anic approach, knows faith an act of heart and a hopeful and trusting belief on something sacred that is followed by practical requisites. Although in his opinion, act is out of faith, there is an unbreakable link between faith and good deeds. He believes that having religious faith is something transcendent, objective and based on the characteristics of faith, its highest degree accompanies with certainty and he knows the role of reason in all its levels, a key role.

Keywords: Fideism, Kierkegaard, Wittgenstein, Plantinga, Allameh Tabatabai