M.A. Thesis:

Comparative Study of the Value and Power of Proof of Certificate in Legal Affairs in Iranian and American Law

Abstract: Lawyers have referred to testimony as real news and narration that has already occurred in the presence of a witness and may be true or false, and may even be influenced by a misunderstanding of the witness. According to the law, any statement made by a third party has no positive validity; Therefore, witnesses and witnesses must meet the conditions prescribed by law. The witness must have personally understood the subject of the testimony with one of the six senses. This type of testimony is called direct testimony. The judge or magistrate has the right to accept or reject the testimony (testimony-related articles - testimony-related questions). Because the judge may find that the testimony does not meet the legal requirements. According to Article 1313 of the Civil Code, puberty, intellect, justice, faith and purity are among the conditions of the witness, and the statements of the insane and those who have not reached the age of puberty, ie 15 years, are not credible. In US law, the issue is different. The Sixth Charter of the Law of the United States states that, "In all criminal proceedings, the accused shall have the following rights: "He has a pre-determined right to know the nature and reason for the accusation, the right to face the witnesses who testify against him, the summoning of witnesses in his favor, and the right to have a lawyer to defend himself." It is also important to note that, under US law, financial claims can be proved to a limited extent and cannot be heard in excess. Keywords: Value, Power, Certificate (Intuition), Iranian Law, American Law.

Keywords: Keywords: Value, Power, Certificate (Intuition), Iranian Law, American Law.