Thesis:

Title : Study possibility of in vitro propagation in Moondrop grape (Vitis vinifera L.) via direct organogenesis

To investigate the feasibility of in vitro propagation of ‘Moondrap’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) through direct organogenesis, two experiments were conducted as factorial experiments based on a completely randomized design with three replications at the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch. In the first experiment, shoot regeneration was evaluated in response to different combinations of plant growth regulators. The experimental factors included cytokinin type at two levels, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (KIN), and cytokinin concentration at five levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg L?¹). The concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was maintained at 0.1 mg L?¹ in all treatments. After selecting the most effective medium for shoot regeneration, the effects of auxin type and concentration on rooting of regenerated shoots were evaluated. The factors included auxin type at two levels, IBA and ?-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and auxin concentration at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg L?¹). The results showed that no shoot regeneration occurred in the absence of cytokinin, whereas the application of different concentrations of BAP and KIN stimulated shoot regeneration. BAP significantly increased shoot regeneration percentage and shoot length compared with KIN. Increasing cytokinin concentration enhanced both shoot regeneration percentage and the number of shoots per explant. The highest shoot regeneration percentage (100%) was obtained with 1.5 and 2 mg L?¹ BAP and 2 mg L?¹ KIN. The highest number of shoots per explant was recorded at 1.5 mg L?¹ BAP and 2 mg L?¹ KIN. The greatest shoot length was obtained at 1 mg L?¹ BAP and 1.5 mg L?¹ KIN. No root formation was observed in the absence of auxin. The application of 0.5 and 1 mg L?¹ IBA and NAA induced root formation in regenerated shoots. IBA significantly increased rooting percentage compared with NAA, whereas NAA resulted in greater root length. The highest rooting percentage (75%) was obtained on a medium containing 0.5 mg L?¹ IBA. The highest number of roots per shoot was observed at 0.5 and 1 mg L?¹ IBA and 1 mg L?¹ NAA, while the greatest root length was recorded at 1 mg L?¹ NAA. Based on these findings, a culture medium containing 1.5 mg L?¹ BAP and 0.1 mg L?¹ IBA is recommended for shoot regeneration, whereas a medium containing 0.5 mg L?¹ IBA is recommended for in vitro rooting of ‘Moondrap’ grapevine.

Keywords: Key word: In vitro propagation, Direct organogenesis, Shoot regeneration, Moondrop grape, Plant tissue culture