Thesis:

Criminological study of the causes of crimes related to government lands and strategies for their prevention

State lands, as one of the strategic assets and national capitals, are always exposed to various threats, including illegal seizure, change of use, destruction, and unauthorized exploitation. The occurrence of these crimes not only leads to heavy economic losses to the government, but also disrupts the country's development planning and sustainable development. Despite existing laws, the continued occurrence of these crimes indicates the existence of structural, managerial, and social gaps that need to be analyzed from a criminological perspective. The main goal of this research is to identify and analyze the causes and drivers of crimes related to state lands from a criminological perspective and to provide comprehensive solutions to prevent them. This research seeks to determine what factors (personality, environmental, economic, and structural) drive individuals to seize or destroy state lands. This research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach and using a library/documentary method. The research findings show that the occurrence of state land crimes is caused by the intersection of several main factors. 1- Structural and managerial factors: such as weaknesses in smart land monitoring systems, lack of precise demarcations, and regulatory gaps in remote areas. 2- Economic factors: Rising land prices and pressure from housing shortages, which lead to the creation of “crime opportunities” for land seizure. 3- Legal factors: The complexity of the processes for proving state ownership and the lengthy process of reclaiming seized lands. Finally, this research suggests that the “smart security” approach be used instead of “traditional security” to prevent these crimes.

Keywords: Keywords: Criminology, government lands, illegal occupation, crime prevention, resource management.