Thesis:

Investigation of the anticancer effects of rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis) and its nanoparticles on gastric cancer cells

Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, including in Iran. Single-drug chemotherapy often demonstrates limited efficacy and is prone to drug resistance, highlighting the need for complementary approaches such as scientifically validated traditional medicine. This study investigated the anticancer potential of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extract and silver nanoparticles synthesized using rosemary extract against gastric cancer cell lines MKN-45 and AGS. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assays, and dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects were analyzed. The results revealed that MKN-45 cells were more sensitive than AGS cells, and combined treatment significantly reduced cell viability compared to single treatments, indicating a potential synergistic interaction. Importantly, normal cells maintained relatively high viability, demonstrating the selectivity of this therapeutic approach. These findings suggest that the combination of rosemary extract and its silver nanoparticles offers a more effective strategy than monotherapy for inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, in vitro analyses provide a reliable preliminary prediction of clinical response, supporting further .

Keywords: investigation of this integrative approach in preclinical and clinical settings