Thesis:

Privatization in Iran in the Light of the General Policies of Article 44 of the Constitution and the Principle of the Rule of Law

Informal constitutional amendment is a process in which the concept and content of a law are changed without changing its text. This process, which may occur consciously or unconsciously and as a result of the behavior of government officials and institutions, changes the constitution without going through the formal review process and, in fact, leads to its violation. One of the cases that has raised the suspicion of constitutional amendment outside the process prescribed in Article 177 is the general policies of Article 44 announced by the Supreme Leader; as a result of the announcement of these policies, important changes have occurred in the manner of investment, ownership, and management of the items mentioned in Article 44. This research has been conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner with the aim of privatization in Iran in light of the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution and the principle of the rule of law. The results showed that privatization was announced in line with the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution in June 2005 by the Supreme Leader, and with the announcement of these policies, which were referred to as the economic revolution, a new track was to be laid in the country's economy. Now, after about 10 years since the announcement of these policies, and paragraphs A and C of these policies explicitly refer to the development of the private and non-governmental sectors in the Iranian economy, it is necessary to diagnose the extent to which the goals of these paragraphs and the privatization process have been achieved in recent years. What is clear from the evidence is that these policies are far from their goals and the necessary space has not been provided for the development of the private and non-governmental sectors, so it is necessary to diagnose the extent to which the goals have been achieved along with solutions.

Keywords: Privatization, general policies, Article 44 of the Constitution, the principle of the rule of law