Thesis:

Criminal policy to combat the production of substandard products in Iranian statutory law

The phenomenon of producing substandard products has become one of the most important economic, social and legal challenges of the country in recent decades. This issue not only threatens public health and security, but also harms public order by reducing consumer confidence, causing economic losses and weakening healthy competition in the market. Iran's criminal policy in this area was formed with the aim of protecting public interests and protecting consumer rights and is rooted in jurisprudential and religious principles such as the rule of doing no harm, the prohibition of fraud and the prohibition of adulteration. A review of the laws shows that several provisions, including the Law on Strengthening and Developing the Standard System, the Law on Government Penalties and the Islamic Penal Code, are dedicated to criminalizing and determining guarantees of criminal executions to deal with the production of substandard goods. An analysis of the legislative criminal policy indicates that despite the provision of penalties such as imprisonment, fines, confiscation of property and the closure of violating units, the dispersion of laws and the weakness in the proportionality of the crime and punishment have resulted in the necessary deterrence not being achieved in many cases. In the judicial dimension, court practice shows that challenges such as the difficulty of proving a crime, a lack of technical experts, and conflicting interpretations of laws have made it difficult to handle these cases. On the other hand, the country's executive criminal policy faces limitations such as the lack of resources of the National Standards Organization, weak coordination between executive agencies, and the lack of integrated information systems, which have reduced the effectiveness of supervisory measures. However, there is significant potential for reform. Strengthening economic and social enforcement guarantees instead of traditional penalties, improving the status of the National Standards Organization, training and empowering judges and bailiffs, and utilizing modern technologies in tracking goods can make Iran's criminal policy more efficient in this area. Therefore, achieving an effective policy in combating the production of substandard products requires coordination between the three legislative, judicial, and executive dimensions. In addition to ensuring public health and security, the implementation of such a policy will improve the quality of domestic products, increase consumer confidence, and improve the country's economic position at the regional and global levels.

Keywords: Criminal policy, substandard products, consumer rights, standard law, criminal enforcement guarantee