Thesis:

Study possibility of in vitro propagation in Ukrainian jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill cv. Black Sea) via direct organogenesis

In order to investigate the effect of cytokinin and auxin on the propagation of Ukrainian jujube by in vitro culture, two separate experiments were conducted in 2024 in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Islamic Azad University-Sabzevar Branch. The first experiment aimed at shoot regeneration as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design that in it, two levels of cytokinin, benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (KIN), were used as the first factor and five levels of concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L were used as the second factor. The second experiment was conducted with the aim of rooting the shoots in a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design that in it, two levels of auxin, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), were used as the first factor and four levels of concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L were used as the second factor. The results showed that BAP-type cytokinin was more successful than KIN in forming callus and subsequently in shoot regeneration, as well as increasing the number of shoots in the explant and increasing shoot length. Among the concentrations of the above compounds, as the cytokinin concentration increased from zero to 4 mg/L, the percentage of shoot regeneration, the number of shoots per explant, and the length of shoots increased significantly. However, there was no significant difference between concentrations of 2 and 4 mg/L. Also, IBA auxin was more successful than NAA in increasing the percentage of rooting, increasing the number of roots per shoot and increasing root length. The highest percentage of rooting and number of roots per shoot were observed in IBA-type auxin at a concentration of 1 mg/L. Overall, it seems that for the micropropagation of Ukrainian jujube shoots in vitro, it is recommended to use cytokinin type BAP at a concentration of 2 mg/L, and for the production of Ukrainian jujube roots in vitro, it is recommended to use auxin type IBA at a concentration of 1 mg/L. Key word: Auxin, Shoot regeneration, Rooting, Cytokinin, Jujuba

Keywords: Auxin, Shoot regeneration, Rooting, Cytokinin, Jujuba