Thesis:

A comparative study of crimes committed against people by law enforcement officers in Iran and France

Crimes committed against people by law enforcement officers include a wide range of illegal behaviors and occupational abuses that violate the rights and freedoms of citizens. These crimes can appear in different forms, some of the most important of which are: Abuse of power: Law enforcement officers may use their power incorrectly and illegally to pressure, threaten, or coerce people. Illegal detention: Arresting or detaining people without a valid court order or without valid legal reasons. Discrimination and unfair treatment: discriminatory treatment based on people's race, religion, gender, or social status. In Iranian law, the crimes committed by the judicial officers are considered in the Islamic Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code. Article 570 of Iran's Islamic Penal Code describes crimes related to the violation of citizens' rights by government officials and officials. For example, Article 570 of the Islamic Penal Code criminalizes illegal arrest and the use of illegal pressure by officers, and provides punishments such as imprisonment and fines. In France, there are similar laws in criminal law and criminal procedure. Article 432-4 of the French Penal Code deals with the abuse of power by public officials and has set severe penalties such as imprisonment and fines for such crimes. Also, France has several regulatory mechanisms, such as the European Court of Justice, which handles citizen complaints against abuses by public officials. A comparative study of crimes committed against people by judicial officers in the laws of Iran and France shows that both countries seriously seek to protect the rights of citizens and deal with possible abuses by judicial officers. However, there are differences in how laws are enforced and the severity of punishments, which can be based on each country's culture, legal structure, and societal needs. Examining and recognizing these differences can help to improve and strengthen the legal and executive systems of both countries.

Keywords: Key words: crime, bailiff, Iranian law, French law, principle of innocence, justice