M.A. Thesis:

Civil liability of production units against environmental damage

Responsibility in the word means what the person is responsible for and in the term means the legal commitment of the person and is divided into five groups: contractual liability and out-of-contract responsibility, legal and moral responsibility, criminal liability, liability Civic and theoretical foundations of civil responsibility. Each of them has its own definitions, but the definition of civil liability is the obligation and obligation that a person has to compensate for the losses incurred to another. The basis of responsibility in Iran is based on the theory of fault, and the problems that have arisen in proving the fault of the loss suffered by the environment have led countries toward the theory of no fault. In cases where it is not possible to determine the real cause of the loss of the damage among several destructors for the damage, the citation of the theory of responsibility without the causal relationship and the responsibility of all of them will make it easier for the injured to be compensated for the damage. There are three pillars of harm, a harmful act and a causality relation in the responsibility of environmental degraders. Disadvantages are also divided into material and spiritual categories, both of which can be claimed to be equal to the law, and can be claimed in favor of the benefit of material damage, if it is certain and possible. Basically, in each area of the various issues, the rules and regulations of time are useful to the benefit of being accompanied by a guarantee of performance. In other words, in addition to the adoption and adoption of comprehensive rules and regulations, a liability regime should be established and effective with the guarantee of effective performances. Experience has shown that in areas that have not been taken into account, the foreseen rules have failed to fully meet the legitimate aims. This is more important in environmental matters. By examining the concept of civil responsibility, it can be seen that the obligation and inevitability lies in its content and without this compensation requirement, the concept of civil liability is meaningless, in environmental discussions and policies, including the discussion of environmental pollution Moha'ali identified legal instruments as one of the effective ways of preventing the introduction of pollution into the environment, including legal levers, civil liability of environmental polluters. Civil liability due to environmental degradation is a way to compel and oblige contaminants to compensate for the damage that has resulted in compelling contaminants to pay compensation and repair damages. Therefore, civil liability law is one of the requirements of the polluters to compensate for the losses suffered and the threat poses such a .stimulus to prevent future damage

Keywords: civil liability, damage, environment, manufacturing units