M.A. Thesis:

Movement and the philosophy of Mulla Sadra and the Albert Einstein

According to thoughts and doctrines of Mulla Sadra(979-1050A.H)and Einstein(1879-1955), Time and Motion have a sort of existence ,which this sort, is extant out of mind; i.e., besides this point, that they are extant outside, they are both the same and can not be separated. From the viewpoint of Mulla Sadra, time is quantized and flowing, and also Mulla Sadra theory of Substantial Motion results, that, Time is the fourth dimension; i.e., besides three dimension of Length, Width and Height of substance, Time is also included. Time is extant with existence of Substance and inexistence of Substance would result in inexistence of Time. In outside, Motion, Time and Substance would be the same; i.e, Substance has properties that Motion and Time are in its essence and These can't be separated in outside, unless in mind world. As reality is something in essence, Mulla Sadra believes some sort of existence for Time and Motion; However this existence believed to be very adynamic and existence of Time considered to be more adynamic than existence of Motion. Based on theories of Einstein, One can come to this conclusion that: If an event is four dimensional, Coordinate System would be able to represent it in complete manner. Space and Time make sense together; i.e., Every event must be specified in a four dimensional system of x, y, z, t. Moreover, space is curved time; i.e., deviate under the influence of Mass and Energy. In this thesis, We are about to introduce the viewpoints of these two great scientists about time and space as well as comparing their similarities and differences and furthermore acquire a better perception of these two concepts.

Keywords: Einstein, Mulla Sadra, Special Theory of Relativity, General Theory of Relativity, Gravitational Tim