دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی سبزوار - جستجو در پایان‌نامه‌ها

پایان‌نامه‌ی کارشناسی ارشد: حسین کیوانلو، ۱۳۹۷

مسئولیت مدنی جمعیت هلال احمر

بررسی اجمالی قوانین موضوعه ایران نشان می دهد که ماده قانونی صریحی که در مورد مسئولیت مدنی نجاتگران (مانند جمعیت هلال احمر) نیامده و بدان هیچ اشاره ای نشده است. هر چند برای اثبات مسئولیت مدنی در این مورد به اطلاق قوانین مربوط به اتلاف و احسان استناد می شود اما ماده قانونی صریحی در این مورد توسط قانون گذار وضع نگردیده است. اما این که آیا به دنبال اجرای عملیات نجات توسط نجاتگران، در صورت تشخیص لزوم ایراد خسارت برای نجات جان مصدومین و عدم امکان کسب رضایت از مصدومین گرفتار، آیا نجاتگران از مسئولیت مدنی انجام کارشان مبرا هستند یا نه؟ اشاره ای نشده است. بر مبنای این تعریف قاعده احسان مسقط ضمان است. بدون شک، نجات جان مصدوم یا مصدومین در حوادث نمونه بارز احسان و نیکوکاری در حق مصدومین بوده و در محسن بودن و نیک بودن کار نجاتگران در حین عملیات امداد و نجات شبهه ای وجود ندارد. از ادله بسیار مهم حجیت این قاعده فقهی آیه 91 سوره مبارکه توبه است که می فرماید: «ما علی المحسنین من سبیل» یعنی بر نیکوکاران از هیچ راه حرج و مواخذه ای نیست. به بیان دیگر اگر در جریان نیکوکاری، کاری سرزند که موجب نکوهش و مواخذه باشد چون از روی نیکوکاری و احسان صورت گرفته بر او مواخذه ای نخواهد بود. و چون طلب خسارت و جبران آن از نجاتگران نوعی مواخذه و حرج محسوب می شود پس این نیز از آنان ساقط خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها: مسئولیت مدنی، جمعیت هلال احمر، خسارت، امدادرسانی.

M.A. Thesis:

Civil liability of the Red Crescent staff

A brief overview of the Iranian law indicates that there is no explicit legal clause on the civil liability of the Redeemers (such as the Red Crescent Society). However, in order to prove civil liability in this regard, it is referred to the laws of loss and Ehsan, but no explicit legal provision has been made by the legislator in this regard. But whether rescuers do not seek civil liability if the rescuers are to seek rescue operations, if the damage is found to be necessary to save the lives of the injured and not be able to obtain satisfaction from the injured. No mention has been made. On the basis of this definition, the rule of Ihsan Musqat is a guarantee. Undoubtedly, saving the lives of injured or injured persons in the events of a typical example of Ehsan and Charity is in the right of the injured, and there is no doubt in Mohsen being and goodness of the work of the salvors during the rescue and rescue operations. One of the most important proofs of the validity of this jurisprudential principle is verse 91 of the Mobarakeh Mobarakeh, which says: "We are Ali al-MutA brief overview of the Iranian law indicates that there is no explicit legal clause on the civil liability of the Redeemers (such as the Red Crescent Society). However, in order to prove civil liability in this regard, it is referred to the laws of loss and Ehsan, but no explicit legal provision has been made by the legislator in this regard. But whether rescuers do not seek civil liability if the rescuers are to seek rescue operations, if the damage is found to be necessary to save the lives of the injured and not be able to obtain satisfaction from the injured. No mention has been made. On the basis of this definition, the rule of Ihsan Musqat is a guarantee. Undoubtedly, saving the lives of injured or injured persons in the events of a typical example of Ehsan and Charity is in the right of the injured, and there is no doubt in Mohsen being and goodness of the work of the salvors during the rescue and rescue operations. One of the most important proofs of the validity of this jurisprudential principle is verse 91 of the Mobarakeh Mobarakeh, which says: "We are Ali al-Mutahsin, I mustache," that is to say, to the benefactors of no prosaic means. In other words, if in the course of charity, it is a matter of life that causes the condemnation and slander, because it will not be punished by virtue of charity and Ehsan. And since the demand for damages and compensation from the rescuers is a form of slander and harassment, then this will also be vanished from them. Keywords: civil liability, Red Crescent Society, damage, relief. ahsin, I mustache," that is to say, to the benefactors of no prosaic means. In other words, if in the course of charity, it is a matter of life that causes the condemnation and slander, because it will not be punished by virtue of charity and Ehsan. And since the demand for damages and compensation from the rescuers is a form of slander and harassment, then this will also be vanished from them.

Keywords: civil liability, Red Crescent Society, damage, relief